Theories of Categorical Perception
The Motor Theory of Speech Perception
- The discontinuities among /pa/, /ta/, /ka/, /ba/, /da/, and /ga/, for example, arise from discontinuities required to pronounce them
- Discontinuities between the movement of two lips required to produce
- Just as Helmholtz had hypothesizd that the basis for many perceptual constancies in unconscious inference (e.g., we perceive that an object remains the same size even though the size of its image on our retina is shrinking, because we unconsciously infer that as the image gets smaller the object is moving farther away), liberman hypothesized that we perceive what sound we are hearing by unconsciously inferring how it would have had to be pronounced
-Innate sensitivity
inborn enhancement and reduction of the sensory sytem's sensitivity is selected portions of certain physical continua
- Label Learning
labels are learned by mere exposure and association
What Are Some Problems ?
- Problem : any discrepancy between a present situation and desired goal state (Bransford and Stein, 1984)
- Problem Solving : any attempt by cognitive agent to reduce or eliminate a perceived problem
- What do you do when you don't know what to do ?
Problem Solving
- You have a problem when you have a goal and don't know immediately how to reach it
a). e.g., finding a job after college, finding a marital partner
- Problem solving is seen to involve a set of processes operating in a problem space
a) understanding problem
b) evoking an internal representation containing ( initial state, goal state, methods for operating on states
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